AndreasRes,
I was having the same issues on a new Desktop build w/ i7 11700K processor and fresh install of Win11. In Windows Task Manager it showed my processor at 100% ALL THE TIME. And my cpu AIO cooler fans were running at high all the time also as it tried to cool the cpu.
After messing with multiple BIOS settings and getting nowhere I finally saw a post on MSI's site (using MSI motherboard) and fixed it by doing the following:
Go to "Windows Settings>Power>Power Mode" and change the Power Mode setting to <Best Power Efficiency> (likely on <Balanced> as default). I rebooted and now when I pull up Task Manager my CPU usage is at reasonable levels - it also solved my cooler fans issues as well because the cpu was not trying to run full tilt all the time and my cpu temps are now running at idle ~26-30 C vs. 45-55 C.
I am a gamer, and while putting a laptop setting on a Desktop computer (Best Power Efficiency) seems counter intuitive, my new computer still boots games with no issues and acts as expected when playing using high cpu and increased cooler fan speeds as expected. There is no lag in any game I've tested on so far and the cpu still never gets above 60-64% utilization.
Hope this helps.