Luiz, I have a Logitech M310 (cordless optical) mouse. At your suggestion, I tried the Logitech web site, looking for a driver update. Finding a driver update on their web site is impossible, and their customer support is negligible. (They offer 24/7 chat, but presumably due to the pandemic, it isn't manned.) I downloaded and installed their SetPoint app, which didn't appear to help. Then I downloaded and installed their Options app, which appeared to fix the problem, but I don't know why. Both of these apps allow the user to adjust mouse settings, but I didn't use them for that. I can only conclude that the Options download included a driver update.
Anyway, my mouse cursor is back to normal speed, and I credit you for getting me on the right track, even if I don't know how or why.
To add to the mystery, after my second post in this thread (i.e., while I was dealing with Logitech), the problem returned with a vengeance. Really slow cursor speed, even with the Enhance Pointer Precision turned off. But temporarily while I was navigating the Logitech web site, the mouse cursor returned to normal (or near-normal) speed. When I left their web site, back to slow cursor speed. Sounds like magic.