Hi, so it turned out it was my SSD that died. We couldn't really figure out why or how, because when the diagnostics were run on the PC, there was not a single issue. It seems to be a "not just me" problem because the professionals said they had some other PCs with the same errors around the time. So I got a new SSD and the PC is back up running like nothing happened.
I personally still think it was a bug in one of the win updates that fried the system.