I had this same problem and in my case I found a fix for it.
It turned out that my battery had run low enough that my computer went into power-saving mode, and one of the things it cut the power to was the wireless adapter. When I went to check the status of the wireless adapter, it told me "This device does not exist" and gave me an error code with the hexadecimal number for 10. So there was no power going to the wireless adapter. Charging the battery to full power did not remove the power-saving cutoff measure applied to the wireless adapter.
To fix this, I went to Control Panel > Hardware and Sound > Device Manager > Network Adapters > (Name of Adapter, in my case Realtek etc. etc. etc.) > Right Click and Select "Properties" > Power Management tab
In this Power Management tab, there was a checkbox for "Allow the computer to turn off this device to save power." This was checked. I unchecked it, restarted the computer, and my wireless adapter suddenly woke up and found its connection again. It has not disappeared since that happened. Therefore I highly suspect the issue is related to power management routines that kick in when the battery is low.
Hope this helps someone else who gets the same issue.