Hi Baumschaf,
Thank you for your additional clarification on this subject, and I believe we are getting closer to the truth.
If the problem is in Windows, I will provide you with a complete fix.
Visit Download Windows 10 (microsoft.com) and click "Download Now" to download MCT (Media Creation Tool), then download and run the program, select "Create installation media (USB flash drive, DVD or ISO file) for another PC” , and then choose Language, Version, Architecture (if you are not sure about these, choose "Use the recommended options for this PC"), then select "ISO file" in the "Select Media to Use" interface, and then a windows ISO file will be downloaded to your disk (about 4-5GB in size, it is recommended that you choose a non-system disk).
After the download is complete, double-click the ISO file, double-click to run "setup.exe" in the open file explorer, and select "Change how Windows Installer downloads updates" > "Download updates, drivers and optional features", Select "Keep personal files and apps" after accepting the terms of the agreement, then click "Next" > "Install". Then the system will reboot a few times, and then enter the welcome screen.
Disclaimer: Please back up all your important data before performing it.
Don't worry, this is not a step to reinstall the system. The idea is to download an image file of the system and then overwrite the system on the device for the purpose of fixing it.
Best regards,
Mitchell - | Microsoft community support expert from MSFT