Hi Jon,
Thank you for your additional clarification on this issue.
I notice that you think there seems to be a hardware problem with the device, so you want to look at the log to find out some details? Normally, if your device does experience a hardware failure, the corresponding log will be generated in the hardware event. I looked at the event viewer on multiple test devices, and because they all worked very well, they all showed up as 0 in the hardware event.
Therefore, either your device does not actually have a hardware error, or the system has an exception and does not recognize the hardware error.
In the current situation, if you can, you can try upgrading to Windows 11 and see if you can solve the problem you are currently experiencing. Or, I can first provide you with some repair schemes to confirm whether the abnormal system can be fixed.
Restore the system using commands.
Using the following commands(Please run the Command Prompt as an administrator ("Win" logo key + "Q", enter "cmd", select "Run as administrator"), and enter the following commands one by one.).
sfc /scannow
DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth
After the execution is complete, restart your device to check whether there are any exceptions.
Download the image file to restore the system.
See the following links for graphic instructions on how to do this:
How to: Perform a Repair Upgrade Using the Windows 11 or Windows 10 ISO file
Disclaimer: Please back up all your important data before performing it.
This is a relatively complete system repair method, using this scheme can be a complete repair of your system.
Best regards,
Mitchell - | Microsoft community support expert from MSFT