I need to download other browsers for apps at work
Microsoft cannot vouch for the security of third party browsers, while in S-mode you can only use Edge.
if you need other browsers, you will need to opt out of S-mode
but is it true certain apps will not work properly if I get out of S mode
No. it is not true. if anything it is the other way round, Apps that are not in the Microsoft Store will not work properly in S-mode .
or will it be detrimental to my computer?
It will not be detrimental to your computer either way. however, something you install may potentially cause problems with the windows installation.
Regular backups are never a bad idea.
As Dyari said S-mode is designed for security, and achieves this by limiting apps to those checked by Microsoft (i.e. their own apps and those from the Microsoft Store)
In my opinion it is for those that are new to windows and are not very careful about what they download and install. sooner or later you are going to want to use a different browser or an app from elsewhere which will require opting out of S-mode.
Although opting out of S-mode is a one way operation. after you have installed the apps / browsers you need, you can put back the restriction to only allow apps from the Microsoft store to prevent accidentally downloading from elsewhere.
in settings -> Apps -> Apps & Features
under "choose where to get apps ", select "The Microsoft store only"
or if you prefer just to be warned, select "anywhere, but warn me before installing ..."