Short answer: Use WinSetView to set your preferred folder view defaults once and for all.
See here for more details: WinSetView (Tool to Globally Set Explorer Folder Views)
Long answer:
Some of the issues you're seeing are due to Windows 11 folder view bugs. The video below demonstrates those bugs, but the brief explanation is that on your "Local Disks", Windows 11 will not let you override it's automatically detected folder type. On Windows 10, you most certainly can override the detected type and set a folder tree to type General items, Documents, Music, Pictures, or Videos, regardless of folder content. Also on Windows 11, you cannot set the folder type at all for a whole folder tree on a removable drive. That is, the folders remain stuck at General items. You may be able to set the folder type one folder at a time.
However, those issues are not a showstopper for you because, if I understand correctly, you just want the same view regardless of the folder type. Therefore, what you need is a tool that will let you set the default view for all folder types in one go. Using the "Apply to Folders" button is not going to cut it. You will have to repeat that procedure for every folder type and it will NOT reset the views for file open/save dialogs. That's why I wrote a tool to set the defaults. Use it if you value your sanity.