Hello VincenzoCassano, welcome to the Microsoft community, I'll be happy to help you today;
I understand that the Windows Defender Advanced Threat Protection service has unexpectedly shut down;
Initially I recommend that you check if you are updated with the latest version of Windows 10;
Press Windows key + i and go to Update and Security;
Click Check for updates and do ALL pending updates;
Check for updates to Defender;
Press Windows key + i and go to Update & security;
Click Windows Security and then Open Windows Security;
Click Virus & Threat Protection;
Click Check for updates;
Run System File Checker;
Click on the Windows search bar and type: CMD
The search result for CMD (Command Prompt) will be displayed, click Run as administrator;
Copy and paste the commands below by pressing Enter after typing each command line:
Sfc /ScanNow
DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /ScanHealth
Dism /Online /Cleanup-image /RestoreHealth
Do a clean boot;
Press the keys: Ctrl+Shift+Esc to access the task manager;
Click Startup and disable all programs that start with Windows;
Restart the PC and check if the problem persists;
Hope this helps, see you soon!