Recovering much useful data is very unlikely. You have a partition change, a format (possibly with a change of file system), and a good chunk of the flash drive completely overwritten. In theory, there may be some sectors that contain some original data that hasn't been overwritten. If you had some text files with important data that doesn't exist elsewhere (like email or cloud storage) then it might be worth trying something like Recuva, because even a piece of a text file can be useful. Partial recovery of files in other formats (pictures, videos, Office files, etc.) are pretty much useless.
Edit: I ran a test to try to replicate your scenario. Using Recuva, with the "deep scan" option, I was able to recover some complete files (JPGs in this case) that were in contiguous sectors that had not been overwritten.