Hi Matthew,
Welcome to Microsoft Community.
I'm Hahn and I'm here to help you with your concern.
Outbound rules are used to control the network traffic that originates from your device and goes to another device on the network or the internet. By default, Windows Firewall allows all outbound network traffic, unless it matches a rule that prohibits the traffic.
If you want to block or allow a specific program or port to communicate outbound, you need to create a custom outbound rule. You can do this by following these steps: Configure firewall rules with group policy - Windows Security | Microsoft Learn
Unfortunately, Windows Firewall Outbound rules issue is not supported on the Microsoft Answers forum. It is more suitable for publishing on Microsoft Learn (English only), you can click on "Ask a question", there are experts who can provide more professional solutions in that place.
Here is a link: Windows 10 Security - Microsoft Q&A to the forum where you can raise specific scenarios and share your idea to help solve the problem.
I won't be able to help you, but I'll leave that question open in case one of our amazing volunteers has ideas for you.
Your Sincerely
Hahn - MSFT | Microsoft Community Support Specialist