Thanks for your thoughts, which are really helpful.
The SP6 has been running fine from a clean install of Win11 for 2 or 3 years (it was re-built when I bought my SP8) with default power management settings and the 5 or 6 clean installs I have tried since this issue arose were all with default settings. I tried fiddling with power management after penning my question here but without success. I think I can probably rules this out as the cause - famous last words...
Overheating was my initial concern but why now? The SP is my "old" that sits on its docking station and that I use only when I want a big screen for whatever reason, otherwise I use my newer SP8. So, while it could and does get warm/hot like any SP, it is frequently used from cold, so I would have hoped that if something triggered the slow-down, things would have been back to normal a week or so later when it was next used. Also, since penning my question, I have looked at internal temperatures and they are about 35 degrees.
That sort of leaves CPU throttling in the BIOS. I cannot see how to disable it in the SP BIOS, which seem to have precious-few options but after penning this post, discovered Throttlestop. I have installed that and disabled BD PROCHOT. That "solves" the problem and the CPU speed, and performance, return immediately to normal but I cannot hardwire that into the BIOS.
Clearly some sensor has failed or malfunctioned, such that BD PROCHOT is "protecting" the system for me when there is apparently no need but I am not sure where I can go from here other than running Throttlestop every time I start the SP (and keeping an eye on temperatures while using it?)