Can I ask if you're noticing this problem outside of the browser as well?
From the screenshot you provided, it looks very much like the effects after running ClearType. If you can, please run ClearType multiple times until the display looks normal again.
Hello and thank you for your response. The problem doesn't happen outside of the browser.
https://www.reddit.com/r/chrome/comments/m44g1d/chrome_ignores_cleartype_at_all_why/
The person in this post seems to have resolved the issues with a Windows reinstall but I'd like to consider that a last resort.https://www.reddit.com/r/chrome/comments/m44g1d/chrome_ignores_cleartype_at_all_why/
I ran the ClearType tool around 5 more times specifically selecting thinner text to try and get rid of the problem, but it seems that Chrome and Edge are just completely ignoring ClearType rendering. For example, disabling ClearType does not even affect Chrome in any way. The text on the File Explorer/Windows menus does however get exceptionally ugly when I disable ClearType so it works there at least.
I tested and confirmed the problem on Chrome, Edge, Vivaldi, Opera, and Brave so I really don't think it's a Chrome issue or anything. The only browser where my text is rendered nice and thin is Firefox, but it's obvious that particular browser is bugged as well because sometimes the text gets so thin you can count the pixels.
I've tried disabling hardware acceleration and the result was the same.