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As the repair commands gave some errors during the repair attempt, this may indicate that your operating system may be damaged and have corrupted files. And maybe this is the cause of your problem with External Hard Drives.
In this situation, you can perform a clean format of the system. You will ensure that Windows has 100% intact files, in addition to being free of third-party programs (which could cause any conflicts or problems).
ATTENTION: Restore is not always able to "clean" Windows 100%. Some issues may still persist after Restoration.
- I always advise doing a Clean Installation and Formatting of the System. This way, you ensure that the problem is resolved. In the link below, Kapil Arya MVP explains how to do a Clean Format.
ATTENTION: You must manually back up your files to another location, as all files and programs will be deleted. If you do not have experience and knowledge, take your device to a specialized and trustworthy technical assistance!