Hello, Shabeeb PK.
Welcome to Microsoft Community!
Thank you for your description of the issue.
Based on your description, you have taken some steps to resolve the issue. You verified that the audio hardware is recognized in Ubuntu, which suggests that the issue may be Windows-specific. You have also tried updating the driver using Device Manager, but without success.
In an Intel core environment, your Windows system's inability to detect audio devices is actually caused by an issue with Intel's core components.
I would recommend that you counter this issue by reinstall the core graphics driver.
You can uninstall it by locating your core display driver in Device Manager, right- clicking on the properties and uninstalling it.
Then visit Intel's official website to get the driver for the corresponding model.
I have found the following link for you:
Intel® Core™ i7-1255U Processor
Disclaimer: Microsoft provides no assurances and/or warranties, implied or otherwise, and is not responsible for the information you receive from the third- party linked sites or any support related to technology.
These are some of the information I can provide you with at this time.
I hope it can be of help to you.
I look forward to your reply.
Best Regards.
Leo.L - Microsoft Community Support Specialist