I found a way to enable custom paper sizes for Microsoft Print to PDF. I basically followed what is shown on the following two links:
Microsoft Print to PDF - custom paper sizes possible?
Custom Page Sizes for Microsoft Print to PDF
What I did different, though, is I copied the gpd file for Microsoft XPS Document Writer and pasted into the gpd for Microsoft Print to PDF. Then I changed two lines in the gpd file to match what they originally said in the Microsoft Print to PDF gpd:
*ModelName: "PrintDeviceCapabilities GPD"
*PrintSchemaPrivateNamespaceURI: "http://schemas.microsoft.com/windows/2015/02/printing/printschemakeywords/microsoftprinttopdf"
After that, every paper size, including the custom ones I had already added to the print server, became available for the Microsoft Print to PDF printer.
For the curious, it appears that the older Microsoft Print to PDF used references to another file in the same folder for some of the settings, whereas the Microsoft XPS Document Writer placed all the settings into the gpd file. So copying the info over means you do not have to edit another file, nor convert dimensions.