I have the same issue and followed the guidance provided by Daisy Zhou123.
My issue appeared after the September 2024 monthly security update.
Again, I had a functioning card reader (verified on separate device), valid certificates (do not expire until 2027), and went through the process of updating device drivers, uninstalling/rebooting/reinstalling device drivers, as well as removing certificates/reinstalling certificates and attempting to access the secure site via two different browsers.
This is an issue connected with the September Microsoft Update. Please provide an actual solution.
Thank you.