The combination of a USB 2.0 requirement for BIOS updating (despite only having USB 3.2 ports) and the metadata staging errors in Windows suggests that your motherboard might be having firmware issues. Since you’ve eliminated other possibilities through reinstallations and hardware changes, a new motherboard could indeed be the most straightforward fix.
Even if your board has only USB 3.2 ports, many of them can run in legacy mode. If you have a dedicated USB 2.0 flash drive formatted as FAT32, give that a shot.
Check for a “legacy” or “compatibility” mode in your BIOS as some boards allow you to force the USB controllers to operate in USB 2.0 mode. This might let you update your BIOS successfully.
If none of these steps work and you’re still seeing errors or if the BIOS update never successfully completes, then it’s quite reasonable to suspect that your motherboard’s firmware is at fault.
I would suggest to contact the manufacturer support to confirm this or other possibilities.