No! AV does nothing to truly protect an operating system without patches, you've simply been lucky as anyone can be until that luck ends and they're in far worse trouble if the outdated Windows device is used for anything important like banking, taxes, online retail purchases, etc.
However, since Microsoft is planning to provide their ESU (Extended Security Update) paid option to consumer with Windows 10 for the first time ever through October 2026, you don't have to even attempt this foolish and dangerous option for at least that one year.
Here's the general Microsoft Learn page for organizations about the ESU program, though the only mention on that specific page about the consumer offering is about a page down in the FAQ section I've dropped you into with the following link, and I've quoted below.
Extended Security Updates (ESU) program for Windows 10 | Microsoft Learn
"For individuals or Windows 10 Home customers, Extended Security Updates for Windows 10 will be available for purchase at $30 for one year."
Note that this offering hasn't yet been made available to consumers that I've seen and was planned to be shortly before the October 2025 end of support, most likely since some people will either replace their devices before that time with new Windows 11 ones, or their current Windows 10 devices might either fail or be lost, in which case Microsoft won't want to be processing refunds for lots of people who'd just never have paid in the first place if they'd known that would happen.
I actually saw a popup on one of my old Windows 10 devices bout this ESU option a few weeks ago, but unfortunately didn't take the time to read it fully since I was in a hurry and it closed when I tried to set it aside for later. However, that confirms what I'd thought that Microsoft will likely display such popups on the screens of those still using Windows 10 in the next few months that offers either upgrade options to Windows 11 if they apply or the ESU $30 option if not.
Rob