Hello OmsTZ! Thank you so much for reaching out, I am Harry an Independent Advisor, and I am glad to assist you today with this issue.
If mouse buttons 4 & 5 stopped working in Windows 11 it is likely due to a recent update or driver issue. First force generic HID driver to Device Manager > Mice > Update driver > “Browse” > “Let me pick” > select HID compliant mouse. Disable enhanced pointer precision on Settings > Mouse > Additional settings > Uncheck Enhance pointer precision.
Check Windows updates on settings at update history then uninstall recent input related updates to test. Try clean boot and run msconfig then hide Microsoft services and disable others then restart. Use AutoHotKey workaround:
XButton1::Send ^{Left}
XButton2::Send ^{Right}
Best regards,
Harry