I have managed to get this working on an environment I administer.
This is only a temp fix and the client is moving to a cloud email solution in the coming days.
The environment for me: SBS 2011. Exchange 2010 CU32
The fix I had used is this;
Within HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SecurityProviders\SCHANNEL\Protocols - There are sub keys for SSL 2/3 and TLS 1.0/1.1/1.2
Within each, are 2 more keys labelled 'Client' and 'Server'
Each with Values for "DisabledByDefault" and "Enabled"
Check to make sure both SSL 2.0 & SSL 3.0 on each value are set to 0 (decimal)
Within the 3 TLS keys. The same values in "Client" & "Server", change the "Enabled" value to 1 (decimal)
Check the permissions on the below folder;
C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Crypto\RSA\MachineKeys
Ensure that the following permissions are set.
Reboot the server.
The above worked for me, it could have been a specific issue, but I thought best to share.
I have since reverted the changes, not due to any issue, but to not confuse things for my users following reverting to the native mail apps.
I am reserving the Outlook app for Friday when they go live on the new email system to avoid confusion.