Hi Azrael,
I received the same message in the web version of Outlook when trying to edit one event of a series. I tried to edit in the desktop app instead and received a much more helpful message:
"Cannot reschedule an occurrence of the recurring appointment "[meeting name]". It skips over a later occurrence of the same appointment."
I was trying to move a Wednesday meeting to Friday, skipping over the Thursday meeting occurrence. Instead, I moved the Thursday meeting to Friday and the Wednesday meeting to Thursday, and was able to make the changes successfully.
Sharing here in case that's the same issue you ran into!
-Kate