Not sure if you have found the solution after two months, but I want to share what was working for me, in case it would also working for you and any one else encounters this issue in future.
So before I found this issue. I've already deleted the corporate account from the settings -> Mail -> Account and also deleted the profile in vpn and device management, but when I installed Outlook app it still shows the corporate email address.
What I did was:
- Install Teams app, in login screen, I see the corporate email account there along with my other outlook emails.
- Click on the Edit button on top right corner of that screen, there will be a delete button shown for each email.
- Delete the corporate email here, there is a dialog shown asking me if I want to delete this account from this device. Confirm it.
- I uninstalled both Teams and Outlook, and then restarted iPhone.
- After restarted, reinstall Teams and Outlook, the corporate email is gone for me now.
Not sure if 4 and 5 is required, but I just wanted to make sure any cache left are cleared by restarting.
Hope it works for you, and anyone else may hit the same issue in the future. :)
Good luck.