I have no experience of connecting to MariaDB, but what I can say is that you are on the wrong track entirely.
To set up a linked server, you need to have an OLE DB provider or an ODBC driver installed for the data source in question. You have chosen SQLNCLI11, which is an OLE DB provider to connect to SQL Server, and only SQL Server.
This is not any different from if you are building an application, you need to have a client API installed. What is specific when it comes to set up a linked server is that they always use OLE DB. But this is no major obstacle, as you can select the MSDASQL provider, which is a generic provider that talks to an ODBC driver. (Well, at least in theory. Linked servers often mean hassle, and it does not get easier when you add one more layer. When things work, they work. When they do not, the error message you get are often obscure.)