After some further troubleshooting, I found the Microsoft article on Persistent Storage in Containers, which notes that "SMB global mapping does not support DFS, DFSN, DFSR shares in Windows Server version 1709." Based on testing on both Windows 10 clients (1909) and Server 2019 LTSC (1809), this was not resolved in subsequent releases.
This applies to the NetApp filer for CIFS-enabled NFS volumes when Widelinks are enabled, as a wideline on the NetApp is really a server DFS link, which these cmdlets don't support. At this point, the only way around this that I can find is to create drive mappings for each such link.
While there's not much documentation out there, the intent of the SmbGlobalMapping cmdlets is to provide a mechanism to create system-wide drive mappings with authentication that can be used across all containers and sessions on the server. The SmbMapping cmdlets only affect the current user session or user, if persistence is specified.
I'll report the documentation gap as requested.
Jamie