How can I scan a document into Word or OneNote so it is editable

The name of the general concept is "OCR", Optical Character Recognition.

The general process is:

• you scan the document into an image file on your computer\
• you pass the image to an OCR program to extract the text.
• you now can edit the text.

Since you have OneNote 2010, you already have a basic "OCR" program. 

After you scan the paper, in OneNote:

• click on the Insert tab
• click on the picture button
• in the dialog box, navigate to the place you have image stored
• single click on the file name
• click OK to insert it
• right click on the image of the file in OneNote
• select "Copy Text from Picture"
• you can now paste and edit the text anywhere

Note, the formatting will be gone and depending on the quality of the image you may have to correct spelling errors.

Or, as Palcouk pointed out, so printers / scanners include better OCR software. By better, I mean that they do a better job of retaining character and paragraph formatting.

You can also get free OCR tools from the internet that do a better job than OneNote.

Here are some more notes about OCR:

How to Scan a Document into Word 2010 - <ALT><i><p><s>

<ALT><i><p><s> is the menu based shortcut for Insert menu / Picture command / From Scanner or Camera command. It does not map directly to the Ribbon. The scan command is no longer available on the ribbon. You can add it to the QAT.

Note: Word 2013 has Built in OCR

FYI: Word 2013 has PDF OCR built in. You can open a PDF file and Word will automatically create a DOCX version of the file.

OCR anything with OneNote 2007 and 2010

http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/14595/ocr-anything-with-onenote-2007-and-2010/

MS used to include a tool called "MODI" with earlier versions of Office. It is still available, if you know where to look for it. Let us know if you want it. Here is some info about it:

2003 Office Document Imaging - Part 1

http://news.office-watch.com/t/n.aspx?a=261

Adding MODI to Office 2007

http://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/office/forum/office\_2007-office\_install/installing-microsoft-document-image-writer-in/2d979d2a-3294-44dc-8cfa-6fedc7423669

Using MODI in Office 2010

http://www.brighthub.com/computing/windows-platform/articles/91749.aspx

OCR - MS Document Imaging / Onenote 2010

Using Microsoft Office Document Imaging in Office 2010

http://www.brighthub.com/computing/windows-platform/articles/91749.aspx