A family of Microsoft spreadsheet software with tools for analyzing, charting, and communicating data.
Let's say the above table is on a sheet named Categories, in A1:B35 (with the headers File Type and Category in row 1).
The formula you need is
=VLOOKUP(F2,Categories!$A$2:$B$35,2,FALSE)
If you want to suppress the #N/A you'd get if F2 contains a program not listed in column A, you could use
=IFERROR(VLOOKUP(F2,Categories!$A$2:$B$35,2,FALSE),"")
or
=IFERROR(VLOOKUP(F2,Categories!$A$2:$B$35,2,FALSE),"Unknown")
The formula can be filled down as far as needed.