A family of Microsoft relational database management systems designed for ease of use.
Well, that's a bit like asking a doctor "Why don't I feel well"? You can see your database - we can't!
Performance can be affected for all sorts of reasons: hardware, network architecture, the design of the queries, indexing on the join and sort fields, on and on. Joining on an expression such as Val(Product_ID) will slow things down drastically right there, since Access must call the function for EVERY ROW in the table, and cannot use indexing to speed up the join. And if you are in fact joining tables in separate .accdb files, that will drastically slow things down as well.
Could you post the SQL view of the queries, and some information about the tables on which they are based?