A co-worker was experiencing a similar problem with the "File > Share > Send a Copy" prompt from Excel. It was opening Lotus Notes instead of Outlook and causing errors. There appears to be a registry key that specifies the mail client that Excel uses for these functions, but it does not get overwritten when setting the default mail program in Default Apps. Below are the contents of the .reg file that I created to have users run when they have this problem:
Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\Clients\mail]
@="Microsoft Outlook"
I'd recommend verifying this is the problem beforehand by using regedit and checking to see if HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\Clients\mail is has "IBM Notes" (or any other mail client for that matter) in there instead of "Microsoft Outlook"
I'd also recommend that someone makes sure to get this functionality into the Default Apps program provided by Microsoft, seeing as their own programs are dependent on the registry key above. But I have no idea where a suggestion like that should go.
I know this isn't exactly the problem, but I tried googling around and any question with the exact verbiage of using the File > Share > Send a Copy was locked and I couldn't provide the resolution I stumbled upon. Hope this helps someone!