Hi @Florian Zepter ,
The Windows Defender cleanup is a scheduled task called Windows Defender Cleanup which can be found in the Task Scheduler (Task Scheduler Library\Microsoft\Windows\Windows Defender), I believe this task is only run if there are any items in the quarantine.
If the registry key PurgeItemsAfterDelay has the value of 30, it means that Windows Defender will purge the quarantined items after 30 days.
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Best regards,
Leon