Lots of things are ultimately possible, but there's nothing built in for this. Intune is a cloud management system that uses the built-in capabilities of the managed OS. For device management on iOS, this requires connectivity to the Internet and the APN services and for Android, this requires connectivity to the Internet and the firebase cloud services (I think that's what it's called for Android). These are Apple and Google requirements, not Intune's.
Note that it is also possible to deploy apps on unenrolled devices, but this also requires connectivity to the Intune services which are only available on/via the Internet. This is more than just calling an API and involves downloading content. Technically, with enough internal knowledge, you could probably reverse-engineer this, but we don't provide any ways for you to plug into and accomplish this and wouldn't support it either.
If all you are interested in is application deployment, perhaps you could use something like App Center: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/appcenter/. I'm not an App Center expert though so don't know its requirements.