@Jasper , Based as I know, there's no built option to disable hardware device in device manager in Intune. But you can check if there's any PowerShell Script to do this.
After researching, I find a link describe this. You can write the PowerShell script refer to the following link:
https://aidenwebb.com/posts/how-to-enable/disable-hardware-devices-using-windows-powershell/
Note: Non-Microsoft link, just for the reference.
After the PowerShell script is working on one device, then we can consider deploying it in a batch via Intune script
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/mem/intune/apps/intune-management-extension
Hope it can help.
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