@Rahul Thanks for posting in our Q&A.
For this issue, intune doesn't have any built-in setting of USB debugging for android devices. It is needed to turn off USB debugging mode manually.
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/mem/intune/user-help/you-need-to-turn-off-usb-debugging-android
I have done a lot of research, currently, for some android devices, intune can block USB file transfer and prevent access to USB storage. Please refer to the following article:
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/mem/intune/configuration/device-restrictions-android-for-work#general
Hope it will give you some ideas.
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