Hi KF-2744,
There could be many reasons which lead to the synchronization issue.
i) Chances of low disc space can interrupt the smooth synchronization between local OST and exchange server.
ii) Synchronization issues between local offline file & Online mode.
Turn off the cache exchange mode by following the steps shared by @Aholic Liang-MSFT and re-check it. Also, you can delete the OST file and rebuild it again.