Hi @Sebastian Mechelke Thanks for posting your query on Microsoft Q&A.
From my understanding, you were able to create a VM from Azure Marketplace, Generalize that VM, create an image from that generalized VM. All of that was completed successfully.
Then, when you tried to create a VM from that image via Azure Portal, you received this error.
I would recommend checking this document to confirm that all the steps of VM Generalization were followed: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/generalize#windows
Also, see if the suggestions provided here help : https://stackoverflow.com/questions/54784018/provisioning-failed-os-provisioning-for-vm-vm-name-did-not-finish-in-the-allo
Let me know the results and I can further investigate.