To narrow down this issue, I have some questions.
- Is there any error message?
If so, please share us for more details. - Have you tried to login or use OneDrive online in public networks?
- Do other applications on your machine that need network connection work successfully in public networks?
- Besides, do you know if others can use OneDrive normally in these public networks?
Currently, if you trust these pubIic networks, I suggest you check the firewall settings.
- Turn Microsoft Defender Firewall off for public network temporarily.
- Go to "Allow an app through Windows Firewall", try to add or find OneDrive, allow it in public networks.
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