Hey
Based on my understanding, with no database involved and no dataflow usage and your file size exceeding the limitations of lookup activity , there is no out of the box feature within ADF to achieve this.
You would have to write your own custom logic in Azure automation/databricks or azure batch etc .
Note: There is something called power query but it too uses a spark cluster hence my thought is you would not be leveraging that as well
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-factory/control-flow-power-query-activity