@Anonymous Thanks for posting in our Q&A.
Of course. If you don't want some devices apply some policies, please don't add these devices in these policies' assignment. Create a device group for home windows devices and create another device group for windows 10 pro devices.
However, it is needed to apply Conditional Access Policies to users, not devices. So, the target user signing in the home windows device will still be limited by the conditional access policy.
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