the EDMX designer is part of Visual Studio 2017, and was not ported to VS 2022, but is supported by VS 2022 if installed (typically via vs 2017 install). As it is depreciated, it not likely to get ported to arm.
you should switch to the supported scaffolding tools, though I believe this requires EF 6 or EF core.
note: if you upgrade your app to core, you can just use visual studio 2022 for Mac directly.