As per a similar topic found at https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/questions/1090554/azure-b2c-unblock-phone-number.html
Microsoft may limit repeated authentication attempts that are perform by the same user in a short period of time.
A way to prevent this issue is:
However this limitation does not apply to the Microsoft Authenticator or verification code. If your users have hit these limits, they can use the Authenticator App, verification code or try to sign in again in a few minutes.
There is not much you can do to prevent a phone number receiving "bad reputation". It is a matter of Microsoft's system preventing flooding to their services. As stated, you can use the Authenticator App as a workaround.
----------------------------------
If this is helpful please accept answer.