A family of Microsoft on-premises document management and storage systems.
We did find the ultimate cause of this nasty thorn in our side. We use Web Application Firewall (WAF) devices and there was an obscure setting deep in the advanced config related to traffic management. The setting was "Request Buffer Size Limit (KB)". It was set too low for some of the authentication requests related to SharePoint/Office. We increased it to 32KB and the issues dissappeared. Drove us crazy for months. You can't even see the setting unless you turn another another "Show Advanced Settings". That's saying something consideration the thousands of settings that are shown before toggling the advanced options :) Hope this helps someone avoid the pain we endured ;)