According to my research and testing, I agree with Vladilen's answer. You can generate a client-id and client-secret, and then use the Rest API in your third-party application to get SharePoint List data. You can follow these steps to generate a client-id and client-secret:
1.Navigate to a site in your tenant (e.g. https://xxxx.sharepoint.com) and then call the appregnew.aspx page (e.g. https://xxxx.sharepoint.com/_layouts/15/appregnew.aspx).
2.In this page click on the Generate button to generate a client-id and client-secret and fill the remaining information like shown in the screenshot below:

3.Click "Create" and “OK”.
4.Then grant permissions to the newly created principal. You can reach this site via https://xxxx-admin.sharepoint.com/_layouts/15/appinv.aspx:
5.Add the client-id (generated in the above step) to the App Id, and click "Lookup"
6.To grant permissions, you'll need to provide the permission XML that describes the needed permissions. For example:
<AppPermissionRequests AllowAppOnlyPolicy="true">
<AppPermissionRequest Scope="http://sharepoint/content/tenant" Right="FullControl" />
</AppPermissionRequests>

7.When you click on "Create" you'll be presented with a permission consent dialog. Press Trust It to grant the permissions:

Note: Please safeguard the created client id/secret combination as would it be your administrator account. Using this client id/secret one can read/update all data in your SharePoint Online environment!
Then your third-party applications can get data in SharePoint via the SharePoint Rest API. You can use the following REST API to get items in a SharePoint list:
GET https://{site_url}/_api/web/lists/GetByTitle('Test')/items
More information for reference: Granting access using SharePoint App-Only (generate client-id and client-secret) Working with lists and list items with REST (Rest API) Complete basic operations using SharePoint client library code (CSOM)
Hope it can help you. Thanks for your understanding.
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