I'm pretty sure this would have been an issue in Win10 as well. The issue is that you have a network involved. The shell needs to be quick and it needs to be secure. Anything on the desktop is scanned by AV. So if you put a document (not a shortcut) on the desktop then when the shell has to refresh that includes scanning the document. For icons they have to be scanned as well and if they are on a network drive then that requires a network call.
The shell does cache icons so it is possible that once you get the icon to show up then it should be fine until the cache is flushed but you will have no way of knowing when that is.
The actual problem though, I suspect, is that Windows doesn't restore mapped drives at login anymore. That was changed back in Win10 I believe. So just because you mapped a drive doesn't mean Windows wastes the time reconnecting to it. There is no benefit in doing that until you actually hit the drive. When you do access the drive then it'll trigger the reconnect. In general you don't notice this issue. My running guess is that when the shell needs the icon the drive hasn't been reconnected. I'm not sure if Windows has a time limit or other restrictions on how long it can wait for an icon to be retrieved. But all this is theory on my part.
If possible try using the UNC path directly instead of a mapped drive and see if your problem goes away. While you'll have similar behavior, I believe the shell tends to work better with icons from UNC paths.