how to write a 3layers winform applications in c#?

Farshad Valizade 381 Reputation points
2023-01-25T15:43:48.5766667+00:00

hi every body

i am noob in c# and programming and i really care to code right and learn c# programming very correctly. so at first I want to write a 3 layers win form applications that read and write data into a table in sql server.

for this project I made 2 class and 1 form.

class DocumentDAL fro Data Layer

class DocumentBLL for Business Layer

winform for VIEW.

my codes:

DocumentDAL :


internal class DocumentDAL
    {
        private SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection("Server=SQLSERVER.1;Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;User ID=kiansaze;Initial Catalog=Karjoo;Data Source=DESKTOP-UKJISPV");
        internal int DocID;
        internal int DocRev;
        internal string DocTitle;

        public DataTable Select()
        { 
            string sqlcommand = "select * from Document";
            SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(sqlcommand, conn);
            DataTable dt = new DataTable();
            da.Fill(dt);
            return dt;
        }

        public int Add()
        {
            string query = "insert into Document values(@doctitle,@docrev)";
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(query, conn);
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@doctitle", this.DocTitle);
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@docrev", this.DocRev);
            int result = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
            return result;
        }
        public int Update()
        {
            string query = "update Document set doctitle = @doctitle,docrev=@docrev where docid = @docid";
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(query, conn);
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@docid", this.DocID);
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@doctitle", this.DocTitle);
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@docrev", this.DocRev);
            int result = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
            return result;
        }
    }

DocumentBLL :

internal class DocumentBLL
    {
        private DocumentDAL _docDal ;

        public  int DocID { get; set; }
        public int DocRev { get; set; }
        public string DocTitle { get; set; }

        public DataTable Select()
        {
            _docDal = new();
            return _docDal.Select();
        }

        public bool Add()
        {
            _docDal = new();
            if (_docDal.Add() > 0)
                return true;
            else
                return false;

        }
        public bool Update()
        {
            _docDal = new();
            if (_docDal.Update() > 0)
                return true;
            else
                return false;
        }


    }

Form:

 public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void btnAdd_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            DocumentBLL documentBLL = new DocumentBLL();
            documentBLL.DocTitle = txtDocTitle.Text;
            documentBLL.DocRev = int.Parse(txtDocRev.Text);
            if (documentBLL.Add())
            {
                MessageBox.Show("Add Success");
            }
        }

        private void btnEdit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            DocumentBLL documentBLL = new DocumentBLL();
            documentBLL.DocID = int.Parse(dataGridView1.SelectedRows[0].Cells["DocID"].Value.ToString());
            documentBLL.DocTitle = txtDocTitle.Text;
            documentBLL.DocRev = int.Parse(txtDocRev.Text);
            if (documentBLL.Update())
            {
                MessageBox.Show("Update Success");
            }
        }

        private void btnSelect_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            DocumentBLL documentBLL = new DocumentBLL();
            dataGridView1.DataSource = documentBLL.Select();
        }
    }

I do this but didn't know is it true coding or not?

Are DocumentDAL and DocumentBLL class Right?

Please check my code and tell me is this way of programming 3layers rights?

C#
C#
An object-oriented and type-safe programming language that has its roots in the C family of languages and includes support for component-oriented programming.
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3 answers

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  1. Hui Liu-MSFT 38,191 Reputation points Microsoft Vendor
    2023-01-27T08:21:56.8933333+00:00

    Hi,@Farshad Valizade . Welcome Microsoft Q&A.

    For the three layers winform project, you could try the following example.

    Form1.cs:

    using WinFormsApp1.BLL;
using WinFormsApp1.DAL;
namespace WinFormsApp1
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
          
        }
  
        private void btnAdd_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            DocumentHandler documentH = new DocumentHandler();
            if (documentH.InsertDocument(new DAL.Document() { DocRev = int.Parse(txtDocRev.Text), DocTitle = txtDocTitle.Text, DocID= int.Parse(txtDocId.Text) }))
            {
                MessageBox.Show("Add Success");
                dataGridView2.DataSource = documentH.GetDocuments();
            }
            
        }
        private void dataGridView2_SelectionChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (dataGridView2.SelectedRows.Count > 0) // make sure user select at least 1 row 
            {
                string Id = dataGridView2.SelectedRows[0].Cells[0].Value + string.Empty;
                string Rev = dataGridView2.SelectedRows[0].Cells[1].Value + string.Empty;
                string Title = dataGridView2.SelectedRows[0].Cells[2].Value + string.Empty;
                txtDocId.Text = Id;
                txtDocTitle.Text = Title;
                txtDocRev.Text = Rev;
            }
        }
        private void btnEdit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            DocumentHandler documentH = new DocumentHandler();
            if (documentH.UpdateDocument(new DAL.Document() { DocRev = int.Parse(txtDocRev.Text), DocTitle = txtDocTitle.Text,
                DocID = int.Parse(txtDocId.Text)
            }))
            {
                MessageBox.Show("Add Success");
                dataGridView2.DataSource = documentH.GetDocuments();
            }
          
        }
        private void btnSelect_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                DocumentHandler d = new DocumentHandler();
                this.dataGridView2.DataSource = d.GetDocuments(Convert.ToInt16(this.txtID.Text));
            }
            catch
            {
                MessageBox.Show("Error Occurred");
            }
        }
      
        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                
               
                DocumentHandler d = new DocumentHandler();
                this.dataGridView2.DataSource = d.GetDocuments();
            }
            catch
            {
                MessageBox.Show("Error Occurred");
            }
        }
    
    }
}

    BLL:

    using System.Data;
using WinFormsApp1.DAL;
using Document = WinFormsApp1.DAL.Document;
namespace WinFormsApp1.BLL
{
   
    public class DocumentHandler
    {
        public DataTable GetDocuments()
        {
            try
            {
                DocumentDAL objdal = new DocumentDAL();
                return objdal.Read();
            }
            catch
            {
                throw;
            }
        }
        public DataTable GetDocuments(Int16 ID)
        {
            try
            {
                DocumentDAL objdal = new DocumentDAL();
                return objdal.Read(ID);
            }
            catch
            {
                throw;
            }
        }
        public bool InsertDocument(Document document)
        {
            if (DocumentDAL.Validate(document))
            {
                DocumentDAL.Add(document);
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
        public bool UpdateDocument(Document document)
        {
            if (DocumentDAL.Validate(document))
            {
                DocumentDAL.Update(document);
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
    }
   
}

    DAL:

    
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;

namespace WinFormsApp1.DAL
{
   
    public  class Document
    {
        public int DocID { get; set; }
        public int DocRev { get; set; }
        public string DocTitle { get; set; }
    }
    internal class DocumentDAL
    {
        public static string ConString = "constr";
        static SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(ConString);
       
        DataTable dt = new DataTable();
        public DataTable Read()
        {

            if (ConnectionState.Closed == conn.State)
                conn.Open();
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("select * from [dbo].[Document]", conn);
          
            try
            {
                SqlDataReader rd = cmd.ExecuteReader();
                dt.Load(rd);
                return dt;
            }
            catch
            {
                throw;
            }
        }
        public DataTable Read(Int16 Id)
        {

            if (ConnectionState.Closed == conn.State)
                conn.Open();
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("select * from Person where ID= " + Id + "", conn);
            try
            {
                SqlDataReader rd = cmd.ExecuteReader();
                dt.Load(rd);
                return dt;
            }
            catch
            {
                throw;
            }
        }
        public DataTable Select()
        {

            if (ConnectionState.Closed == conn.State)
                conn.Open();
            string sqlcommand = "select * from [dbo].[Document]";
            SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(sqlcommand, conn);
            DataTable dt = new DataTable();
            da.Fill(dt);
            return dt;
        }

        public static void  Add(Document d)
        {
            if (ConnectionState.Closed == conn.State)
                conn.Open();
            string query = "insert into [dbo].[Document]([DocID],[DocTitle],[DocRev]) values(@docid, @doctitle,@docrev)";
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(query, conn);
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@docid", d.DocID);
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@doctitle", d.DocTitle);
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@docrev", d.DocRev);
            cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
           
        }
        public static void Update(Document d)
        {
            if (ConnectionState.Closed == conn.State)
                conn.Open();
            string query = "update [dbo].[Document] set DocTitle = @doctitle,DocRev=@docrev where DocID = @docid";
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(query, conn);
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@docid", d.DocID);
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@doctitle", d.DocTitle);
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@docrev", d.DocRev);
            cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
           
        }
        internal static bool Validate(Document d)
        {
            return true;
            // some validations before insert 
        }
    }
}

    The result:

    21

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    2 people found this answer helpful.
  2. Bruce (SqlWork.com) 55,601 Reputation points
    2023-01-25T16:54:09.7333333+00:00

    proper laying would make each layer a project with unit tests.

    also not keen about the DAL & BLL layers returning datatables rather than POCO objects or records.

    1 person found this answer helpful.
    0 comments
  3. Bruce (SqlWork.com) 55,601 Reputation points
    2023-01-25T17:02:17.7933333+00:00

    duplicate post

    0 comments