That's seems more like a browser issue. Depends on how, what policy is being applied on edge. From error message its clear user account is not valid but since the same user works from other browsers, its most likely browser settings. try adding URL in to the trusted sites or intranet site and make sure autologon sites in intranet zone is enabled in IE settings.
500 INTERNAL SERVER ERROR
(SharePoint Server 2019)
Authentication not working for my communication site in Microsoft edge. Please note that I tried clearing the cache and that didn't fix the issue, and this uses Windows Authentication. I do not have this error in FireFox or Internet Explorer.
Below are the errors found from the Correlation ID.
Non-OAuth request. IsAuthenticated=True, UserIdentityName=, ClaimsCount=0
The identity is not in format we recognize. IdentityName: 'LINGUALISTEK\sp_farmadmin'.
Exception getting user key string. Exception: 'System.ArgumentException: Exception of type 'System.ArgumentException' was thrown. Parameter name: identity
at Microsoft.SharePoint.Administration.Claims.SPClaimUserKeyUtility.GetUserKeyString(IClaimsIdentity identity)
at Microsoft.SharePoint.Administration.Claims.SPClaimUserKeyUtility.TryGetUserKeyString(IIdentity identity, String& userKey)'.
The value is neither a claim user name nor a claim user name suffix. Value: 'LINGUALISTEK\sp_farmadmin'.
System.InvalidOperationException: Operation is not valid due to the current state of the object.
at Microsoft.SharePoint.Administration.Claims.SPClaimUserKeyUtility.GetUserKeyString(String value)
at Microsoft.SharePoint.Utilities.SPUtility.GetFullUserKeyFromLoginName(String userNameSuffix)
at Microsoft.SharePoint.Utilities.SPUtility.GetFullUserKeyFromIdentity(IIdentity identity)
at Microsoft.SharePoint.ApplicationRuntime.SPHeaderManager.AddIsapiHeaders(HttpContext context, String encodedUrl, NameValueCollection headers)
at Microsoft.SharePoint.ApplicationRuntime.SPRequestModule.PreRequestExecuteAppHandler(Object oSender, EventArgs ea)
at System.Web.HttpApplication.SyncEventExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute()
at System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStepImpl(IExecutionStep step)
at System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step, Boolean& completedSynchronously)
calling GetCurrentGenericSetupPath for a versioned path: TEMPLATE\LAYOUTS