Microsoft is a large ecosystem and resides in an echo chamber. They won't hear your question but they may beg for an upvote.
I have not found a "restore" option within the app when the app contains any information. This is what worked for me:
- Go to settings, apps, and find the authenticator app.
- Go to storage and "clear cache" and "clear data". Note: This is designed to wipe out any information you may have already stored in Microsoft Authenticator.
- Launch the Microsoft Authenticator app. "Allow Authenticator to send notifications" and "Accept" the agreement. I did not "help improve the app" ("continue").
- At "Peace of Mind" screen, ignore the prompts in the middle. The restore button was so far at the bottom of the screen that I could only see the top of the letters. I could not read it, but I was able to click it and begin the restore process.
- I wanted to use the Microsoft Authenticator app on another device. No luck, it wanted me to change my screen lock. I used email. It forced me to change my password. After changing my password, I was able to send another email with a generated seven-digit code. Entering this code now worked.
- Remember how I created a new password? This act broke my authenticator applications on my other devices. On the other device authenticator apps, I reentered my new password and got in. But then the other authenticator prompted me to change my password again. This time, I forced the other device authenticators to close and then reopened the authenticator. This time, the authenticator worked fine.
- Is there a shorter workaround? Maybe. But I have not seen it published by Microsoft. Microsoft continues to publish one of my other resolutions without credit. It has only been 15 years. I'm astonished that such a legacy problem with my resolution still applies. I'm moving on. This answer is for you. Microsoft can copy it from me again or fix their broken app. I don't care.