@Srinivas Mehenderker Nath Thanks for reaching out. If there are any errors thrown while executing the store procedure, then the error would be through by the connector, and you should see other status code apart from 200. The call does wait for the store procedure to get executed successfully within the time limit else throw timeout exception or the exception thrown while executing the store procedure. There are few limitations as documented here. Just in case if you are catching the error and returning the value then the return value or out value is not supported as documented.
I will suggest you to execute the store procedure with the same input as per your successfully executed run by navigating to run history and verify if your store procedure executes successfully or throws error with the same input as passed from logic app.