Assuming that Visual Studio 2017 is able to load/upgrade your old C++/MFC project the only way to know the answer to your question is for you try to build the project.
Recognize that since the days of Windows XP and Visual Studio .Net 2003 everything has evolved. Windows, the C++ language, implementations of the Standard C library and Standard C++ Library, Visual Studio, the MFC framework and more have all changed through the years.
It is impossible to predict the specific issues that you may encounter in your attempt to move this old code to a modern version of Windows and Visual Studio.
Take a look at this - visual-cpp-change-history-2003-2015