How are you authenticating to this other pc? Did you map a persistent network drive with an ID+password? Run "net use" from a command prompt.
Do you have an entry for this PC in the "Windows credentials" section of Credential Manager? (See Control Panel\User Accounts\Credential Manager)
Or did you define a local account with the same name and password on both machines?
With a new router, the obvious change would be how DHCP registers the pc name. My router registers names with .Home.
PS C:\> nslookup 192.168.1.5
Server: Wireless_Broadband_Router.home
Address: 192.168.1.1
Name: Blackhole.home
Address: 192.168.1.5
PS C:\>
If you can still "see" the other PC, then network discovery is working. So there must be something else. Do you see any change in the pc names?
On the remote PC have you checked the security eventlog to look for logon failures? Ca
n you logon to the desktop with whatever account you use for network access?
I wrote a Powershell script a while back to try and troubleshoot issues like this. You could give that a try. I haven't updated it in a while, but it might point something out.
See SmbTest.ps1