Hi @Greg Booth ,
Central Administration content
The Central Administration content database is considered to be a configuration database. It stores all configuration data for the Central Administration site collection.
Content databases
Content databases store all content for a site collection. This includes site documents or files in document libraries, list data, Web Part properties, audit logs, and sandboxed solutions, in addition to user names and rights.
All of the files that are stored for a specific site collection are located in one content database on only one server. A content database can be associated with more than one site collection.
There are many kinds of SharePoint Server service application databases
Such as:
The App Management database is used by the App Management Service application.
The Search service application has four databases that support SharePoint Server 2016.
The Secure Store Service application database stores and maps credentials, such as account names and passwords.
and so on.
For more information, please refer to:
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sharepoint/technical-reference/database-types-and-descriptions
The following service applications have databases that can be upgraded when you upgrade from SharePoint Server 2013 to SharePoint Server 2016:
- Business Data Connectivity service application
- Managed Metadata service application
- PerformancePoint Services service application
- Search service application
- Secure Store Service application
- User Profile service application
Them are just can be, not must be. So I suggest you follow this article to make your upgrade.
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